Determinants for the innovation activities in Malaysia and selected countries

Yap, Jia Ru (2024) Determinants for the innovation activities in Malaysia and selected countries. Final Year Project, UTAR.

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Abstract

This study delves into the determinants of innovation activities in Malaysia, the United States, China, South Korea, and Singapore, with a specific focus on Research and Development (R&D) expenditure as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Innovation plays a crucial role in driving economic growth, societal progress, and global competitiveness, making it imperative to understand the factors that influence innovation landscapes across diverse national contexts. Findings reveal significant variations in R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP across the selected countries, reflecting differences in economic development levels, policy frameworks, and industrial structures. Regression analysis is employed to ascertain the relationship between independent variables and R&D expenditure, yielding insights into the drivers of innovation activities. Results indicate that economic growth, government policies supportive of innovation, a conducive industry structure, higher tertiary education levels, and patent applications are positively associated with R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of innovation ecosystems and the importance of holistic policy approaches in fostering innovation and economic growth. Overall, this study contributes empirical evidence on the determinants of innovation activities in diverse national contexts. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders seeking to promote innovation and economic development. By understanding the factors that drive innovation, policymakers can formulate effective strategies to foster innovation ecosystems and drive sustainable economic growth.

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