Green synthesis and characterization of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using barks of soursop (Annona muricata)

Lim, Yuriko Jing En (2025) Green synthesis and characterization of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using barks of soursop (Annona muricata). Final Year Project, UTAR.

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Abstract

This study presents the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) utilizing the bark extract of Annona muricata as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, with copper(II) nitrate trihydrate serving as precursor salt and varying calcination temperatures (300, 400, and 500°C). The effect of different calcination temperatures on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the CuO NPs (CuO-300, CuO-400, and CuO-500 NPs) was characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). This project successfully synthesized CuO NPs through a green synthesis method by varying calcination temperatures. The UV-Vis spectra showed a maximum absorption peak at 368 nm for CuO-300 and CuO-500 NPs and 370 nm for CuO-400 NPs, corresponding to a band gap energy of 3.37 eV for CuO-300 and CuO-500 NPs, and 3.35 eV for CuO-400 NPs. The FT-IR spectra revealed prominent absorption bands at 552, 568, and 545 cm-1 for CuO-300, CuO-400, and CuO-500 NPs, respectively. In addition, the synthesized CuO-300, CuO-400, and CuO-500 NPs exhibited spherical morphology with differences in particle sizes ranging from 28.1 - 36.4 nm for CuO-300 NPs, 27.7 - 33.5 nm for CuO-400 NPs, and 27.3 - 34.5 nm for CuO-500 NPs. The EDX analysis showed only copper and oxygen elements present in the synthesized CuO NPs without any other impurity peaks. Lastly, all the synthesized CuO NPs exhibited a monoclinic structure, and the average crystallite size for CuO-300, CuO-400, and CuO-500 NPs was found to be 27.09, 25.22, and 25.14 nm, respectively.

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