Effects of different phases of menstrual cycle on daytime drowsiness and muscular fatigue among female recreational badminton player

Lee, Kae Shyan (2024) Effects of different phases of menstrual cycle on daytime drowsiness and muscular fatigue among female recreational badminton player. Final Year Project, UTAR.

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Abstract

Background and Objective: The menstrual cycle (MC), a monthly event in females, involves hormonal fluctuations that may cause daytime drowsiness and muscular fatigue, impacting sports performance and injury risk. This study utilized the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Sleep Diary to assess sleep efficacy, the Countermovement Jump (CMJ) to evaluate muscular fatigue, and the Wellness Questionnaire to measure perceived fatigue. The objective was to compare and explore the relationship between MC phases, daytime drowsiness, and muscular fatigue in female recreational badminton players. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study recruited 31 eumenorrheic female recreational badminton players via convenience sampling. Participants self-reported their menstruation dates and completed 5 countermovement jump tests, along with questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Wellness Questionnaire, and Sleep Diary). Data were collected based on estimated menstrual cycle subphases using a calendar-based method: Early and late follicular, ovulation, mid and late luteal phases. Repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the comparison of collected data. Results: Data from 31 participants showed that daytime drowsiness was highest during the EF phase, followed by LL, LF, ML, and OP phases. Muscular fatigue was unaffected by the menstrual cycle, and no association was found between daytime drowsiness and muscular fatigue. Perceived fatigue correlated with daytime drowsiness, particularly in the EF and LL phases, but was unrelated to muscular fatigue. Conclusion: Eumenorrheic female recreational badminton players are more likely to experience daytime drowsiness during the EF and LL phases. Muscular fatigue is unaffected by MC hormonal events and shows no correlation with daytime drowsiness. Perceived fatigue aligns with daytime drowsiness during EF and LL phases but not muscular fatigue. Coaches and athletes are advised to create personalized training programs to minimize injury risks and optimize performance during advantageous phases. Keywords: Early follicular phase, Late follicular phase, Ovulation, Mid luteal phase, Late luteal phase, Daytime drowsiness, Muscular fatigue, Countermovement jump, Female recreational badminton players

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