雪兰莪华民护卫司署的职能变化 （1890-1925）The transformation of function of Chinese Protectorate in Selangor (1890-1925)

翁, 敦铭 and Ong, Tun Min (2018) 雪兰莪华民护卫司署的职能变化 （1890-1925）The transformation of function of Chinese Protectorate in Selangor (1890-1925). Master dissertation/thesis, UTAR.

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Abstract

In the middle of the 19th century, the exploration of mining industry attacted thousands of Chinese labourers influxed into Malaya for seeking their fortunes. They maintained their own cultures and customs when they started their new life in Malaya. When the masses congregated corresponding leadership and administration was needed. Therefore, the Chinese in Malaya formed a self-governing society, which means they ruled in their own way. After the British colonial government implemented the residential system, they implemented indirect rule for the Chinese by appointing the Capitan to govern the Chinese. The social problems of Chinese, for instance, consumption of opium by Chinese labourers, abduction of women, and the riots of the secret society caught the attention of British colonial government. The establishment of the Singapore Chinese Protectorate in 1877 and marked the beginning of a new era in the relations between the British colonial government and the Chinese population. In 1890 a Chinese Protectorate was established in Selangor. The Protector of Chinese was the bridge of communication between the British colonial government and the Chinese, and The Protector of Chinese was appointed to enforce the law and policy as well. This purpose of the research is established the functions of the Selangor Chinese Protectorate by utilising the archival material during British Colonial Periods. It can be recognized that in the early period, the functions of the Protector of Chinese basically covered several areas that were closely related to the Chinese population, including the problem of women and girls, Cooly and Chinese Immigrations, Secret Societies and Tungshin Hospital. After the year of 1900, China increasingly faced the danger of being destroyed by Imperialism. In addition, the expansion of activities of Reformists and royalists in British Malaya and Straits Settlements. The Chinese population in Selangor began to see revolutionary activities aimed at overthrowing the Qing government. At the same time, with the establishment of Chinese language schools and the textbooks and teachers at that time coming from China, Chinese nationalism gradually grew in British Malaya. Especially at the beginning of the 20th century, it was an eventful time in China, such as the 1911 revolution and the outbreak of the May fourth movement. This made the British colonial government have to be vigilant. As the institution of the British colonial government governing the Chinese society, the Chinese Protectorate also changed its function of governing the Chinese society with the occurrence of these political events. From the social and economic affairs handling function at the initial stage of establishment, it gradually changed into political intervention and even ideological control. Based on the framework above, the Chinese Protectorate of Selangor was made the subject matter for the study of the function of changing from 1899 to 1925. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The introduction in the first chapter mainly showed the study backgrounds, a summary of the literature review as well as the research scope and research methods. The second chapter summarizes British Malaya administration system developments, particularly focusing on the establishment of Chinese Protectorate. In the third Chapter discuss how the British Colonial Government trained the officers in governing the Chinese Population and the functions of the Chinese Protectorate of Selangor. Chapter four pointed out that change the function of Chinese Protectorate of Selangor due to the outbreak of the political events. The fifth and last chapter provides a summary of development of the Chinese Protectorate of Selangor. Keywords: Protector of Chinese, Selangor, Chinese populations, British Colonial Government, functions

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