Ingredients tracing using blockchain for rapid product recall

Chin, Yi Hao (2026) Ingredients tracing using blockchain for rapid product recall. Final Year Project, UTAR.

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Abstract

Food safety and traceability remain critical challenges in modern supply chains, where contamination, mislabelling, unsafe storage conditions, and delayed recall procedures can result in serious public health risks and economic losses. Traditional traceability systems frequently depend on centralised databases, manual records, and paper-based documentation, making them vulnerable to tampering, incomplete reporting, and slow investigation during food safety incidents. This project presents NutriGuard, a blockchain-based food traceability and recall system designed to improve transparency, accountability, and response speed across three main stages of a food supply chain: ingredient registration, product production, and consumer verification. NutriGuard combines Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, a Flutter mobile application, a Raspberry Pi edge gateway, and IoT sensors. Supplier, ingredient, product, quality-control, consumer-registration, and feedback records are stored through smart contract transactions, while selected off-chain references, such as certificate or product document hashes, are represented by IPFS hash fields. During production, merchants define HACCP-inspired quality rules for each product. Temperature and humidity can be retrieved automatically from the Raspberry Pi edge gateway through a Flask REST API, while weight and pH remain manually entered in the current prototype. Smart contracts validate submitted production data against the product's quality thresholds and only allow QR code generation when the production record is compliant. For consumers, NutriGuard provides QR-based product verification, product registration for recall alerts, traceability information, and feedback submission. For merchants, the system provides supplier management, ingredient management, product creation, quality control, recall initiation, affected-product discovery, and feedback processing. When an ingredient is marked as contaminated or recalled, the smart contract automatically updates all affected products to a contaminated state and blocks QR code usage, supporting rapid recall actions.

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