Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression and anxiety after covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review

Lee, Shi En (2024) Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression and anxiety after covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Final Year Project, UTAR.

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Abstract

Background and Objective: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a harmful mental health condition that may affect the person’s thoughts and behavior. It may be experienced by the mother after giving childbirth. Many of these studies were conducted during the COVID-19 lockdown which could be one of the possible confounding factors. There have been no systematic reviews conducted in journals pertaining to this topic after the COVID-19 lockdown. This systematic review primarily aims to collate and critically analyze research studies on the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression and anxiety. Methods: A comprehensive search will be conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar on related studies on the prevalence of postpartum depression with the following keywords: (1) risk factors ‘AND’ (2) depression ‘AND’ (3) postpartum ‘AND’ (4) anxiety ‘AND’ (5) prevalence from the year 2022 to the present, 2024. Original research related to the prevalence of postpartum depression, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and studies conducted after covid-19 lockdown period will be included in this study. The article selection is following PRISMA flow chart and all of the studies will be undergo critical appraisal by JBI critical appraisal list. Results: This systematic review included 17 studies that carried out in various countries worldwide after COVID-19 lockdown period. Out of the 17 studies, the mean prevalence of PPD is around 29.55%. Conclusion: 17 studies are included in this study and the mean prevalence of PPD is around 29.55%. PPD is more common in the high-developed nations than developing and least-developed countries. Most of the studies showed that PPD was less common after COVID-19 lockdown period. The most prevalent risk factors among the 17 studies are younger maternal age, lack of social support, single status mother, prenatal psychiatric disorders, adverse life events, intimate partner violence, caesarean sections, and postpartum problems. Keywords: PPD, Prevalence, Risk factors, Covid-19 lockdown period

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