RISC-V instruction set extension on blockchain application

Cheong, Kin Seng (2024) RISC-V instruction set extension on blockchain application. Final Year Project, UTAR.

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Abstract

This project is an instruction set extension project based on RISC-V architecture for academic purpose. Blockchain technology was widely used today to keep records due to its high security and reliability. However, blockchain required a high computing power to function. Although there were numerous ways to improve the performance speed of blockchain technology in software implementations, hardware implementation of the blockchain algorithms was a more preferred choice due to the emerging open-source computer architecture, RISC-V. RISC-V was free and open license for anyone to customize their IC design. By adding new instruction extensions to the RISC-V cores, they could be specialized to run certain types of tasks. This would greatly shorten the instructions used by the algorithms and improved the execution time of the programmes. One of the most common cryptographic algorithms used in blockchain would be selected in this paper, typically djb2 hash algorithm. In this project, some instructions were proposed to execute the cryptographic algorithm in shorter clock cycles and shorter execution time. Towards the end of the project, the algorithms would be executed in a base RISC-V core and an extended RISC-V core using simulation tools to perform performance analysis. The simulation tool used in this project was Chipyard, which is a one-stop development tool for anything regarding RISC-V customization. One of the main components in Chipyard was Spike simulator, which was a software simulation tool in RISC-V standards to execute the software executable file and also output the hardware information used during the execution. Spike was used to run the compiled source codes in C/C++ language to determine the execution time and clock cycles used by the programme. A RISC-V GNU toolchain was installed for the compilation of the programme. The toolchain was also customised and extended with extra instructions to compile the programme. The compiled programme was simulated in Spike ISA simulator to test with the extension and without the extension. The results were presented at the end of the report.

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